Heterosis is the phenomenon in which the cross of two inbreed lines produce hybrid that is superior in growth, size yield, or vigor of the f1 over the better parent lippman and zamir, 2007. Heterosis is a complex phenomenon, which depends on the balance of different combinations of gene effects as well as on the distribution of plus and minus alleles in the parents of a mating system. Heterosis and combining ability for major yield traits of. It is cultivated in a wider range of environments than wheat and rice because of its greater adaptability koutsikasotiriou. Does hybrid wheat lack heterosis linkedin slideshare.
Combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield. Wheat, breeding, gca, sca, heterosis, heterobeltiosis. Save nature to survive heterosis studies for yield component. Various models have been posited to explain heterosis, including dominance, overdominance, and pseudooverdominance. Heterosis is an additional gain above the average genetic level of the two parent breeds.
Studies on heterosis and combining ability for yield. Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is the increased performance of hybrid progeny compared to their inbred parents. The individual comparisons of means table 3 revealed that the parent pothowar73 had the highest value for gyp while lasani08 has the lowest mean value under normal conditions. Heterosis in internode elongation and plant height are commonly observed in hybrid plants, and higher gas contents were found to be correlated with the heterosis in plant height. However, heterosis for grain yield per spike, dwarf plant height and tillers per plant contributed maximum towards yield heterosis. In several outcrossing crop plant species, hybrid varieties have already. This study suggested that both inter and intra allelic interactions were involved in the expression of the traits. Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and its attributing traits in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Department of plant breeding and genetics, rajasthan agricultural university, s. Heterosis and combining ability for plant height and its. Combining ability and heterosis effects in wheat 597 shoran et al.
The full text of this article is available as a pdf 1. Maize is a model system for studying heterosis due to the high levels of yield heterosis and commercial use of hybrids. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its. Heterosis is the increase or decrease in vigour of hybrids when compared with that of its parents sharif et al. Selected references these references are in pubmed. Six traits including plant height, flag leaf area, number of. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield. Heterosis is a term used in genetics and breeding and is also known as hybrid vigor. Individual mean performance of parents and crosses for grain yield. Chambers, et al, 4, reported that in hogs, hybrid vigor is evident in number of pigs per litter, and litter weights at birth but it increases. Heterosis is defined as the percentage of hybrid over the parental mean and generally high heterosis values are desirable for grain yield in maize. Heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread wheat triticum.
Combing ability, gene action and heterosis estimation in. Jun 29, 2007 heterosis in internode elongation and plant height are commonly observed in hybrid plants, and higher gas contents were found to be correlated with the heterosis in plant height. Maize, heterosis, combining ability, gene action, yield maize zea mays l. The analysis of variance showed there is highly significant variation between the genotypes for all the traits considered. Hybrid wheat heterosis was first reported in wheat by freeman 1919 for plant height. One f1 common wheat hybrid zlatna dolina x primepi which had exhibited significant heterosis in a previous study was compared with 32 f7 lines selected from the same cross.
Plant height dwarfness is desirable trait for wheat crop hence negative heterosis is favourable to avoid lodging thus producing stable yield. The relationship between heterosis and combining ability effect. After maize hybrid was first utilized in field on a large scale in usa in 1930s, heterosis of other crops such as rice, sorghum, rape, and vegetable etc began to be widely used in production, and had made great achievements in crop breeding by the end of last century, mainly contributed to notable increasing of crop yield. Significant heterosis over economic parent and mid parent was observed for almost all the traits studied. Methods the inbred lines from an association mapping panel were crossed to a common inbred line, b73, to generate nearly 300 hybrid genotypes. Rahul singh rajput and vs kandalkar the present investigation was undertaken to study the combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and its components in f 1 generation of wheat through line x tester analysis. Combining ability and heterosis of selected grain and. Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and. The study of combining ability and heterosis effect in hexaploid wheat group was carried out using crosses between thirteen inbred lines of common wheat 6 lines x 7 testers and interspecies crosses t. Heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Heterosis and combing ability in f1 population of hexaploid. Triticum aestivum l, diallel cross, choice of parents, hybrid vigor.
Heterotic studies in spring wheat across two environments by. The aim of research was to determine mode of inheritance level of heterosis and heterobeltiosis for plant height ph. Morphological and genetic basis of the expression of heterosis for yield and its components in hybrid winter wheat with t. Heterosis o vigor hibrido by luis alberto chaponan rodriguez. The scope for crop among the cereals and is the principal food crop in utilization of heterosis largely depends on the direction most areas of the world.
But, for this promise to be realized, the level of heterosis must be adequate. The breeding material was comprised of four parents. Maize, general combing ability, specific combing ability, heterosis, grain yield. Estimation of heterosis in wheat triticum aestivum l. Heterosis refers to the phenomenon that progeny of diverse varieties of a species or crosses between species exhibit greater biomass, speed of development, and fertility than both parents. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variance due to gca among the parent for all the traits, studied. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and. The study of heterosis helps the breeders in eliminating less 1 generation itself. Heterosis for yield and agronomic attributes in diverse. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yeild traits. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse. The highest heterosis over mid and better parent as well as economic heterosis for grain yield was recorded in dashen x medawelabu hybrid with corresponding values of 63, 52 and 44%, respectively. So, it is also called economic heterosis or superiority over checks sharief et al. Pdf heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread wheat.
Estimation of heterosis and combining abilities of u. Heterosis studies for yield and its components in bread wheat over. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variance due to gca among the parent for all. It is a versatile crop with wider genetic variability and able to grow successfully throughout the world covering tropical, subtropical and temperate agroclimatic conditions. In this study, heterosis in plant height was determined in two wheat hybrids, and it was found that the increased elongation. Combining ability and heterosis of selected grain and forage. The latter was estimated in comparison to commercial varieties. Heterosis and combining ability estimates in 6 x 6 halfdiallel crosses of durum wheat triticum durum desf. The rejection of crosses, which shows no heterosis. Heterosis and combining ability for major yield traits of a. It is the worlds most widely grown cereal and is the primary staple food in many developing countries. Research article implications of heterosis and combining ability among productive single cross hybrids in tomato l. Save nature to survive heterosis studies for yield.
Heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread wheat. Pdf analysis of heterosis and combining ability in bread. Studies conducted at the international rice research institute irri during 1980 and 1981 have shown up to 73% heterosis, 59% heterobeltiosis and 34% standard heterosis for yield in rice. In a study conducted at wheat research institute, aari, faisalabad during 200405 heterosis and heterobeltiosis were estimated for various quantitative traits in 4x4 wheat diallel crosses. Background heterosis describes the superior phenotypes observed in hybrids relative to their inbred parents. Study of heterosis for grain yield and its components.
Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and quality. The present investigation entitled combining ability and heterosis for morphophysiological characters in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse maize. Wheat yield and production in kosovo depend on the quality of imported seed varieties, mainly from the region fetahu et al. Research article implications of heterosis and combining. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its components in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Eight spring wheat genotypes were crossed in half diallel fashion for heterosis, heterobeltosis and inbreeding depression studies. Pdf estimation of heterosis in wheat triticum aestivum l.
Estimates of heterosis and combining ability in winter wheat. Kerkhi department of genetics and plant breeding, sardar vallabhbhai patel university of agriculture and technology, meerut 250 110, india email. In addition to being an economically combining ability analysis is one of the powerful tools important crop, maize has genetic characteristics that in identifying the best combiners that may be used in allowed this species to be widely studied, thus crosses either to exploit heterosis or to accumulate. Hybrid wheat results in less variation in yield from year to year and field to field, says jon rich, wheat breeder and product manager for syngenta cereals central plains region. Heterosis and combining ability studies in maize zea mays l. Patil abstract ten tomato commercial and productive single cross hybrids extensively grown in northern transitional zone of karnataka. Ir36 and ir42 yield 45 tha in wet season trials and 78 tha in dry season trials.
However, the molecular basis for the increased internode elongation in hybrids is unknown. Heterosis is manifested in increased size, growth rate, and other parameters in the f 1 generation in crosses between inbred lines, and exploitation of heterosis is largely responsible for the tremendous increase in maize yield in the united states between the1930s. Heterosis for yield and agronomic attributes in diverse maize. It refers to the superiority of f 1 over the standard commercial check variety. Dominance of linked factors as a means of accounting for heterosis. Heterosis studies in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Combining ability and heterosis for morphophysiological.
The bonus from heterosis should be approximately 5% for production and 10% for mortality, fertility, health and survival. Heterosis in grain yield and biomass over both the mid and better parents was shown by more than half of the crosses studied. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yeild traits of. Heterosis in wheat under contrasting water regimes. Ismail agronomy department, faculty of agriculture, fayoum university, 63514fayoum, egypt corresponding author abstract introduction wheat triticum aestivum l. Since then, there have been several reports on heterosis in wheat since then. Through better root development, better fertilizeruse efficiency, and other agronomic factors, farmers get more consistency with hybrid wheat, rich says.
Shull 1952 coined the term heterosis and defined it as. Pdf combining ability and heterosis analysis for yield. Despite its importance in maize production, we know surprisingly little about the genetic basis of heterosis. The objective of this report was to study the importan ce of heterosis on prcweaning and weaning traits among crosses of the hereford, angus, and charolais breeds. Heterotic qtl for grain yield mapped near low r pericentromeric regions i. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its contributing traits in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
Gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat. The heterosis, heterobeltiosis, general combining ability gca and specific combining ability sca were examined during rabi crop season of 202014 in hexaploid wheat genotypes. Percentage heterosis, heterosis yield, experimental hybrids yield, and inbreds yield of corn regressed on year of exp erimentation schnell, 1974. Heterotic studies in spring wheat across two environments.
Combining ability and heterosis analysis for yield traits in bread wheat triticum aestivum. The wheat crop productivity in brazil average of 2. Combining ability for growth parameter and yield components were evaluated in a 7. Despite promising superior performance, hybrid wheat currently occupies only a niche. It is the first crop in production more than any other cereal crop in the country. Heterosis and combining ability studies in maize zea maysl. Plant breeders have widely exploited and used heterosis in boosting up yield of many crops. In selfpollinated crops, like wheat, the scope for utilization of heterosis depends mainly upon the direction and magnitude of heterosis. Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out in 8. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its. Over half of all ethiopian farmers grow maize, mostly for subsistence, with 75% of all maize produced in the country is consumed as human food. Manipulation of heterosis is an important strategy for increasing the yield potential of wheat rauf et al. Pdf manipulation of heterosis is considered to be a vital approach to enhance the yield potential of wheat and is as accepted to be a safe. In addition to being an economically combining ability analysis is one of the powerful tools important crop, maize has genetic characteristics that in identifying the best combiners that may be used in allowed this species to be widely studied, thus crosses either to.
Heterosis and combining ability analysis were studied in a 7 x 7 diallel set of bread wheat. Combining ability and heterosis in maize zea mays l. Studies have shown that the exploitation of heterosis has the potential to overcome the yield plateau in wheat. Sorghum, line x tester analysis, combining ability and standard heterosis panicle, starch content %, protein content % and grain yield per plant g. Heterosis and combining ability for major yield traits of a new. Combining ability and heterosis for yield and component. Edwards heterosis is the foundation of modern maize breeding programs. Such analysis facilitate the selection of parental genotypes with a high probability of heterosis in their f 1 progeny. Selection under crossbreeding 457 triple cross, while this distinction is clear using three vs. In case of pseudoheterosis, the f1 hybrid exhibits increase in vegetative growth only. Pdf heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread.
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